Response to some of the discussions about my paper (Garnet paper):
I feel a need to respond to some of the discussion about my paper in this forum, particularly the critique that the paper is based on a misunderstanding of bicycle ergonomics. I think this perception stems merely from a misinterpretation of the scope of the paper.
I agree with John Tolhurst that upper body involvement in the control of a bike is an important aspect of riding, and vital to the ergonomics of any bike. This is one of the reasons I believe that MBB bikes are a compelling design. Far from being a disadvantage, there can be an athletic benefit to resisting some pedal forces with the upper body. In the paper, I acknowledge this by stating: “the involvement of the arms and upper body in the pedaling process is not unpleasant but brings a certain athletic appeal to the riding” (end of page 2).
However, it can be too much, which was my experience from riding my direct-drive recumbent, so I sought to find ways of reducing it by analyzing the impact of head angle on pedal force feedback – hence the paper.
One of the interesting things that came from the study was the positive impact of the outward lateral component of the applied pedal force. This force component decreases the pedal force feedback, but does this to a greater degree when the pedals are located further forward from the steering axis (due to better mechanical advantage relative to the steering axis). Therefore these forces have a much greater beneficial effect on a chain-driven MBB bike than on a direct-drive MBB bike. I believe this is the reason that excessive pedal force feedback was an issue for me, but is not a problem with the Cruzbike.
So my paper is not in any way a critique of the Cruzbike’s geometry. Rather the reverse – my research supports conventional frame geometry for chain-driven MBB bikes (see figure 20 of the paper). The Cruzbike is an excellent design and has the correct frame geometry. For chain-driven MBB bikes, there is absolutely no need to incline the head angle, or to do any of the things I suggest in my paper. These design challenges, and my recommendations, are exclusive to direct-drive, where the pedal crank is closer to the steering axis.
I trust this answers some of the misgivings surrounding my paper.
Jeremy Garnet