my knee pain reduced HEAPS
My knees are not the healthiest there is too. After trying my first 300km brevet I've nearly killed them, took nearly a year to recover... however, after
gradually ramping up my yearly mileage, I've complete a series of 200 - 300 - 400 -600 km brevets with no knee issues whatsoever. (DF niner, see above... but it was my butt issues that made me switch to bents
)
When I've switched to a bent (with 170mm cranks) I've started to have knee issue. They just went away completely with more training.
When I've started riding DF again, knee issue returned... and went away again.
Your joints need some time to adapt to pedalling position, it seems. And yea, since you cannot stand on pedals on a bent (which is mostly about SAVING one's knees by applying most of the load when they are nearly completely straight), reducing max knee bend is very important, going over 90 is not recommended. Oval chain rings (properly aligned) help too, by shifting peak torques to lower knee bend angles.
By the way, I've yet to try cranks shorter than 175 on a 'conventional' MBB bent - my current one cannot be adjusted for my size with cranks shorter than 175, unfortunately, so I cannot really comment on that, only on 'feel' and power output, and even that can be changed with adaptation.
I should also note that I'm more of a 'masher', and shorter cranks seem to benefit spinners more. Just like Apollo said, biomechanics is a tricky issue, full of highly personal variables that are not obvious without, say, muscle biopsy
.